mindmap root((大声)) loud applies to any volume above normal and may suggest undue vehemence or obtrusiveness: a ~ obnoxious person. (volume音量体积: 多指没有形状轮廓的可以流动的总体，如气体液体的体积声音的音量applies to an aggregate without shape or outline and capable of flowing or fluctuating，如a tremendous volume of water大量的水) obnoxious令人厌恶very unpleasant，如an obnoxious person让人讨厌的人 stentorian chiefly used of voices, implies great power and range: an actor with a ~ voice. earsplitting implies loudness that is physically oppressive and shrilly discomforting: the ~ sound of a siren. raucous implies a loud harsh grating tone, especially of voice, and may suggest rowdiness: a barroom filled with the ~ shouts of drunken revelers. strident implies a rasping discordant but insistent quality, especially of voice: the ~ voices of hecklers. （rasping和grating完全同义，动词表示粗噪的或尖声地说，rasp表示挫磨东西，如 'Where've you put it?' he rasped “你把它放在哪里了？”他粗厉刺耳地说）